Titrant Definition Chemistry Glossary

In analytical chemistry, the titrant is a solution of known concentration that is added (titrated) to another solution to determine the concentration of a second chemical species. The titrant may also be called the titrator, the reagent, or the standard solution. In contrast, the analyte, or titrand, is the species of interest during a titration. When a known concentration and volume of titrant is reacted with the analyte, its possible to determine the analyte concentration. How It Works The mole ratio between the reactants and products in a chemical equation is the key to using titration to determine an unknown concentration of a solution. Typically, a flask or beaker containing a precisely known volume of analyte, together with an indicator, is placed under a calibrated burette or pipette. The burette or pipette contains the titrant, which is added dropwise until the indicator shows a color change, indicating the titration endpoint. Color change indicators are tricky, because the color may temporarily change before permanently changing. This introduces some degree of error into the calculation. When the endpoint is reached, the volume of reactant is determined using the equation: Ca CtVtM/Va Where Ca is the analyte concentration (usually given as molarity), Ct is titrant concentration (in the same units), Vt is the volume of titrant required to reach the endpoint (usually in liters), M is the mole ratio between the analyte and reactant from the balanced equation, and Va is the analyte volume (usually in liters).

4.724 E Business Cybermediaries For E- Bookshops Essay

4.724 E Business Lecturer: Daniel Vidal Title: Cybermediaries for E- Bookshops Student Name and Id: Jaspreet Kaur - 20151134 Number of Word Counts - 1950 Table of Content - Cybermediaries - Bookfinder4u and Bookfinder Part A In this part we should start by briefly introducing the two cybermediaries and then outline what is similar and different between them. Bookfinder4u Bookfinder4u provides services and does not make sales directly. It searches various bookstores and booksellers all around the world within seconds. There are two types of services that bookfinder4u avails: in-print book search system and out-print book search system. Bookfinder4u searches around 100 book stores and 60000 booksellers all over the world. It helps in price comparison and shows results for the lowest price range. The company stands independently, is not associated with any bookstore or seller and the results that are shown are impartial. The results of the prices that are shown on the site are accurate and real. The results that are shown are updated every 30 minutes and if so don’t happen then there can be varied reasons behind the same such as the user is using a slow network facility, the bookstore hasn’t been available or their backup is down, etc. The services provided by Bookfinder4u are completely and absolutely free of any charge. Its main goal is to provide book searches and price comparison that is : Comprehensive:-Under this criteria, the company makes

Coca Cola Company Industry Responses †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCoca Cola Company Industry Responses. Answer: Introduction Organizations international operations are shaped by industry pressure for local responsiveness and industry pressure for global integration. Operating in foreign country necessities certain requirements and developments to ensure the business continues with it mission. Industry pressure for local responsiveness refers to local requirements from the society (consumers) and the government that shape companys products and operations in a country. Industry pressure for global integration is the pressure that the company faces in the global arena in order to maintain competitiveness.1 Coca Cola is a multinational Company that manufactures non-alcoholic drinks. The drinks are distributed throughout the world market by licensed bottling company. The company has changed its products and operations in the recent years as a responsive to industry pressure. The company coco cola drink is a leading brand in Australian market. This paper outlines how Coca Cola Company is responding to pressure from both local responsiveness and global integration. The paper will also use examples in the local market of how Coca Cola Company is responding and international responses in order to remain the market leader in the non alcoholic drinks in the world market Industry Pressure for Local Responsiveness Coca Cola Company manufactures drinks for human consumption. Human beings are dynamic and keep on evolving from time to time. When other factors change in the society, people change their behavior in consuming specific products. For instance, level of education and level of income change individuals existing lifestyles and consequently change their consumption habits . For survival and improvement purposes, Coca Cola Company have to respond accordingly to local consumers and the government to ensure that it operations and products are not coherent with the domestic market.2 The following are responses that the coca cola company is doing to manage industry pressure from local responsiveness; Product differentiations: Coca Cola has continually introduced differentiated coke products that are tailored for specific segments in the Australia market. It has introduced coke zero and coke diet and still maintained the classic coke drink. The coke zero is meant for the increasing health conscious individuals in the market who suffer obesity. Coke diet is for the market segments who want drinks that have specific diet requirement. 1 Peter G.P. Walters, Paul Whitla and Howard Davies, "Global Strategy In The International Advertising Industry" (2008) 17 International Business Review. 2 Peter J. Buckley, "Business History And International Business" (2009) 51 Business History. Product substitution: The Company has recently and increasingly produced new drinks to market. This has been as a result of industry pressure from the local consumers who need substitute drinks. The company recently introduced bottle water in Australian market to act as a substitute to it products. Increasing cost of recycling: The Company has been facing legal charges on issues of recycling where the local government require them to recycle it by products. The company has responded by increasing its investment in recycling project to ensure that it within the environmental requirements of the government. Industry Pressure for Global Integration Coca Cola Company operates on international standards and face competitions from several companies. The company has to respond accordingly to ensure that the industry pressure for global integration does not slow down or dismantle its objectives. Due to technological advancement the company has continuously changed to maintain competitiveness in the industry .4 .The following are the responses that the company has done to manage industrial pressure for global integration; Cost reduction: The Company has improved efficiency and effectiveness in production by adopting technology in the process to reduce cost of production. All companies in the industry are striving to produce at the least possible cost so that it can offer drinks to the global market at a competitive prices. Production in large scale: Coca cola has increased its production per time. This response is aimed at ensuring that the company benefit from economies of scale. This minimizes the cost that the company incurs in manufacturing, processing and transportation. Due to industry pressure to sell products at competitive prices, the company has to operate in large scale in order to be able to compete successfully. Healthy products: The global market is evolving to consume products that are healthy to their bodies. Consumers have been changing their lifestyle to be health conscious of the product they consume. This has resulted to companies in the food and drinks industries to change products. Coca cola Company has responded to producing products that are healthy to ensure that it survives in the market competitively in the 21st century. 3 3 Claude Cellich, "Dynamics Of Successful International Business Negotiations" (1994) 3 International Business Review. 4 Yadong Luo, Entry And Cooperative Strategies In International Business Expansion (Quorum, 1st ed, 1999). Conclusion From the discussion above, it can be summarized that international business cannot remain static to industry pressure and has to keep responding in order to survive. Therefore it important that an international business keeps trends in both the local market and global arena References Buckley, Peter J., "Business History And International Business" (2009) 51 Business History Cellich, Claude, "Dynamics Of Successful International Business Negotiations" (1994) 3 International Business Review Company, Our et al, Coca-Cola Journey Homepage (2016) The Coca-Cola Company https://www.coca-colacompany.com/ Eliasson, Gunnar, "Global Economic Intergration And Regional Attractors Of Competence" (2003) 10 Industry Innovation Luo, Yadong, Entry And Cooperative Strategies In International Business Expansion (Quorum, 1st ed, 1999) Walters, Peter G.P., Paul Whitla and Howard Davies, "Global Strategy In The International Advertising Industry" (2008) 17 International Business Review

Why Is There Gravity Essays - Physics, Theoretical Physics

Why Is There Gravity? When you pick up a stone and release it falls to the ground. This seemingly simple concept has been known throughout history as gravitation. Isaac Newton managed to explain gravity in terms of its effects, but few have come up with a working explanation for the driving force behind it. The mysterious nature of some of the more peculiar effects of gravity, as well as the simple ones, indicate that explaining why there is gravity will be a long, difficult, yet intriguing task. Ohanian (1976) writes that without other forces interfering, mass attracts mass. This is the fundamental concept behind gravitation. Newton explained it as "there is a power of gravity pertaining to all bodies, proportional to the several quantities of matter which they contain? The force of gravity towards the several equal parts of any body is inversely as the square of the distance of places from the particles." This description of gravity creates the simple mathematical explanation of gravity: that the force of attraction, F, equals G * ((m1 * m2) / r^2). This holds true for most gravitational interactions on earth, so any proper theory of gravity would have to include similar results for these interactions. Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler (1973) explain that there are, however, some more complex aspects of gravity that this law does not account for. One of these strange gravitational effects is observed in the "perihelion shift" movement of planets, the most dramatically affected of which is the planet Mercury. Feynman, Leighton, and Sands (1963) contest that another hole in Newton's predictions about gravitation is that repercussions of changes in gravitational state are felt instantaneously. In other words, gravitational effects travel faster than the speed of light, which is in direct contradiction with Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity. This led Einstein to develop a more advanced theory of gravitation. This was known as the General Theory of Relativity and is the closest and only thing that mankind has as an answer to " Why is there gravity?" Einstein's General Theory of Relativity introduces the idea that space itself can be curved. Just as the ground on earth appears to be flat though it is actually curved, Einstein suggested that space may behave much in the same way. Misner et al. (1973) compared the curvature of space to an ant walking on the surface of an apple whose direction was perfectly toward the stem of the apple. The shortest possible path on the surface of the apple to the stem was a curved line. Thus Einstein has theorized that the shortest possible path in a gravitational field is actually a curve, which is contrary to traditional Euclidean geometry. The other basic concept of general relativity is that gravity is essentially indistinguishable from acceleration. A person standing inside of a stationary elevator on earth could drop a ball and it would fall, accelerating at approximately 9.8m/s^2. A person standing in an elevator free from gravitational fields, but accelerating upwardly at 9.8m/s^2 would exp erience the same effect. Einstein used this similarity between gravity and acceleration in the creation of the General Theory of Relativity. One of the most stunning things about Einstein's theories is that they were created with virtually no experimental verification. Only later, after his death, have we been able to prove various aspects of the General Theory of Relativity experimentally. In this sense, Einstein was well ahead of his time. One such prediction that was ahead of its time was that time moves slower in the presence of a gravitational field. In Einstein's day, they simply did not have the resources to test this experimentally. In more recent times, however, through the use of atomic clocks we have shown this to be true. It is certainly amazing to make predictions about something so abstract on a purely theoretical basis and then later have those predictions verified through experimentation. Unfortunately, Einstein's General Theory of Relativity is the only theory of gravity that has never failed experimentally. Other theories that work experimentally are essentially tweaked versions of the same ideas that Einstein had in the General Theory of Relativity. I feel this "theory monopoly" that Relativity has is detrimental to physics in general, being that it has