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Question: Discuss About The Training And Education In Area Of Cultural? Answer: Introducation Training and education in the area of cultural competence for nurses in the area of mental health nursing has been a priority. The impact of the education in cultural sensitivity has been positive and more people from ethnic minorities have been able to access culturally appropriate care. The stigma attached to mental illness in many cultures made this area a priority. Patient centric approach has made effective implementation of culturally competent care reality. But continuous evaluation and better policy inputs are needed to improve training and research in this area. The necessity of culturally competent nursing for mentally ill patients is important Business of their higher vulnerability. Linguistic barriers, different approaches to mental illness in different cultures makes health care delivery to people from diverse cultural backgrounds a challenge. Several educational interventions have been made to improve nursing in mental health so that culturally sensitive delivery of care becomes possible. The impact of these interventions on the quality of care and the change in skills and attitudes of staff towards the patients needs to be evaluated.(Bhui, Warfa, Edonya, McKenzie, Bhugra, 2007). There is more awareness among nurses to be culturally competent when delivering care to people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Factors other than education in cultural competence have also had a positive impact on patient outcomes. These are inclusion of interpreters and community health workers in the team that provides healthcare (Lie, Lee-Rey, Gomez, Bereknyei, Braddock, 2011). Studies on reduction in health disparities due to culturally competent healthcare services are required to see whether the training in this area is adequate. The responsibilities of a mental health nurse include proper communication, empathy with the patient, interaction with the patient's family and in case of the patient coming from an ethnic minority or another linguistic group, these tasks require more sensitivity and recognition of a complex interplay of cultural issues (de Aguiar, et al., 2012). The need for cultural competence in mental health nursing is understood since long and remains on the agenda of policy makers but there is little knowledge about the kind of training and its actual impact while treating patients. This challenge has increased due to the high incidence of mental health illnesses among immigrants from diverse cultural backgrounds. A study reports effective treatment of Latino immigrants suffering from depression through psychotherapy. Psychotherapy requires extensive verbal interaction in home therapy sessions by nurses trained in providing culturally adapted care. The success of the program in a US setting demonstrates that training in cultural competence has had a favourable outcome for patients. Better patient outcomes have been achieved in Latino mothers with young infants, through home-based, short term interventions by culturally trained nurses. Decrease in depressive symptoms was observed just four weeks after the intervention was started. The po sitive impact of cultural competence among nurses was clearly observed during the study(Beeber, et al., 2010). Improvement in skills and attitudes of the trained staff have undergone a change. But a study on the impact of training in cultural competence has suggested that more quantitative studies are needed on aspects of patient outcomes (Bhui, Warfa, Edonya, McKenzie, Bhugra, 2007). A multicultural mental health awareness scale was used to the assess whether the training for nurses in cultural competency among Portugese speaking nurses working to improve the mental health of immigrants was effective. It was found that it did have a positive impact on service delivery (De Almeida Vieira Monteiro, 2016). The literature has examples of negative experiences faced by patients with disabilities have been studied and based on the responses received from patients during personal interviews few examples of cultural disparities were summarised during a study (Roscigno, 2013). Truong et al. have reported that access to healthcare by the mentally ill people from ethnic minorities is more likely when t hey are sure that there is respect for their culture, values and beliefs (Truong, Paradies, Priest, 2014). The impact of culturally sensitive, patient centric care is likely to make healthcare within reach of people suffering from mental health issues in an unfamiliar country or state. The numbers of immigrants and people from other cultures are growing in several regions around the world, so their mental health needs are also public health issue. A lot of work in the re of culturally competent mental health care delivery is still required. It is clear that the impact of training when imparted has improved patient outcomes. But there is still room for improvement in understanding, regular demonstration and systematic teaching of the skills that lead to more well rounded cultural competence. The need to establish and raise standards in this area is a pertinent requirement. Differential and inequitable health outcomes and rising disease burden among the mentally ill from ethnic groups in different geographies will remain a problem if policy and delivery in this area is not strengthened through increased research funding(Nardi, Waite, Killian, 2012). In conclusion, it is true that the impact of cultural competence training in mental health care has been largely positive. Most nurses are trained in this aspect of nursing. But few areas continue to demand attention. The paucity of research in collecting quantitative evidence with regard to patient outcomes through patient feedback needs to be concentrated upon. Respect towards their culture has encouraged people from cultural minorities to seek treatment. Setting up of standards in the area of cultural competence education needs attention. The inequities in mental health care delivery that remain can be removed only when better policy on research and education is framed and implemented and there is global uniformity in this area. References Beeber, L., Holditch-Davis, D., Perreira, K., Schwartz, T., Lewis, V., Blanchard, H., . . . Goldman, B. (2010). Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in nursing and health, 33(1):60-76. doi: 10.1002/nur.20363. Bhui, K., Warfa, N., Edonya, P., McKenzie, K., Bhugra, D. (2007). Cultural competence in mental health care: a review of model evaluations. BMC Health Services Research, 7:15.doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-7-15. de Aguiar, M., Lima, H., Braga, V., Pinheiro, P., AKB, Ximenes, L. (2012). Nursing competencies for health promotion in the mental health context. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 25(2):doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002012000900025 . De Almeida Vieira Monteiro, A. P. (2016). Cultural competence in mental health nursing: validity and internal consistency of the Portuguese version of the multicultural mental health awareness scaleMMHAS. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 149 doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0848-z. Lie, D., Lee-Rey, E., Gomez, A., Bereknyei, S., Braddock, C. (2011). Does cultural competency training of health professionals improve patient outcomes? A systematic review and proposed algorithm for future research. Journal of general internal medicine, 26(3):317-25. doi: 10.1007/s11606-010-1529-0. Epub 2010 Oct 16. Nardi, D., Waite, R., Killian, P. (2012). Establishing Standards for Culturally Competent Mental Health Care. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 50(7):3-5 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20120608-01 . Roscigno, C. I. (2013). Challenging Nurses Cultural Competence of Disability to Improve Interpersonal Interactions. The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing?: Journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 45(1), 2137. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNN. Truong, M., Paradies, Y., Priest, N. (2014). Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews. BMC Health Services Research, 14, 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-99.